Fig. 2
From: When inflammation meets lung development—an update on the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
The inflammatory response in the immature lung as key event leading to bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Mechanical ventilation, oxygen supply and infections induce a pro-inflammatory response in the immature lung. This pro-inflammatory overweight disrupts the balanced network of growth signal pathways and leads to characteristic features in the lung that affect the epithelium, the mesenchyme and the endothelium (scheme developed from our previous review on the topic [12])