Fig. 3
From: Relevance and consequence of chronic inflammation for obesity development
M1-type macrophages are prevalent in obese adipose tissue. In obese adipose tissue, pro-inflammatory M1-type macrophages are predominantly activated. They mainly produce cytokines and chemokines with inflammatory activity such as TNFα, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Additionally, Th1 cells are mainly infiltrating the obese adipose tissue. In lean adipose tissue, the anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophage is dominantly represented. These macrophages mainly participate in tissue repair and regeneration and produce cytokines like IL-10 and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). Apart from M2 macrophages, also Th2 cells are localized in the lean adipose tissue