Table 2 Juvenile-onset SLE with neuropsychiatric involvement

Country of study

UK

China

Turkey

Iran

Colombia

India

Cohort size

 • Total jSLE patients, N

428

185

1107

146

90

53

 • NP-jSLE patients, N (%)

107 (25)

64 (34.6)

149 (13.5)

41 (28)

30 (33.3)

27 (50.9)

Female to male ratio

5.4:1

5.9:1

7.7:1

3:1

5.4:1

2.8:1

Mean age (SD)

12.2 (± 3.1)

13.2 (± 3)

12.8

10.2 (± 3)

12.2

9.9 (± 3.2)

Distribution of NP features (%) among NP-jSLE patients

 Central NS

93

97

94.6

99.3

87

94.4

 Peripheral NS

7

3

5.4

0.7

13

5.6

 Aseptic meningitis

1.8

0

0.7

0.7

N/A

3.7

 Acute confusional state

6.5

12.5

33.6

N/A

N/A

7.5

 Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (GBS)

1

0

2

N/A

6

N/A

 Autonomic disorders

2.8

1.6

2

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Anxiety disorders

23.3

6.3

32.9

N/A

N/A

1.8

 Cerebrovascular disease

14.9

39

14.8

5.3

26

11.3

 Cognitive dysfunction

42

0

22.8

11.6

N/A

17

 Cranial neuropathy

5.6

1.6

3.4

0.7

N/A

1

 Demyelinating syndrome

1.8

3.1

2

N/A

N/A

1.8

 Headache

78.5

10.9

50

13

36

39.6

 Movement disorders

17.7

0

16.8

3.4

16

5.6

 Mood disorders

48.6

12.5

29.5

5.4

N/A

9.4

 Myelopathy

0.9

4.7

2.7

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Psychosis

9.3

21.9

17.4

2.1

13

9.4

 Seizures

19.6

84.4

38.3

9.5

50

35.8

 Mononeuropathy

8.4

3.1

2

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Myasthenia gravis

0

0

0

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Plexopathy

0.9

0

0

N/A

N/A

N/A

 Polyneuropathy

1.8

4.7

6

N/A

N/A

N/A