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Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics
Fig. 1 | Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics

Fig. 1

From: How peritoneal dialysis transforms the peritoneum and vasculature in children with chronic kidney disease—what can we learn for future treatment?

Fig. 1

Peritoneal dialysis associated local and systemic damage and protective strategies. Reactive metabolites accumulating with chronic kidney disease combined with the unphysiological composition of current PD fluids exert major local peritoneal and systemic damage, which compromise PD long-term function and contribute to accelerated patient aging. Strategies to mitigate these PD-related sequelae are given in the lower box; in italic strategies currently under development. AA, amino acids; AGEs, advanced glycation endproducts; AlaGln, alanyl-glutamine; Angp1/2, angiopoietin 1/2; CASP-3, caspase; CRYAB, crystallin alpha B; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; EndMT, endothelial-mesenchymal transition; GDP, glucose degradation products; GSK3ß, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta; IL, interleukin; LiCl, lithium chloride; LMNA, lamin A; MMPs, metalloproteinases; MMT, mesothelial-mesenchymal transition; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TCC, terminal complement complex; TGF-ß, transforming growth factor ß; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; VE-cadherin, vascular endothelial cadherin; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; ZO-1, zonula occludens 1

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