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Table 2 Birth characteristics in newborns with SCFN

From: Subcutaneous fat necrosis in newborns: a systematic literature review of case reports and model of pathophysiology

   

subgroups

All patients (n = 320)

Normocalcaemia (n = 52)

Hypercalcaemia (n = 146)

Hypocalcaemia (n = 9)

No information about calcium level (n = 113)

Sex

N

307

50

138

8

111

    Male

N (%)

149 (48.5)

24 (48)

65 (47.1)

1 (12.5)

59 (53.1)

    Female

N (%)

158 (51.5)

26 (52)

73 (52.9)

7 (87.5)

52 (46.9)

Birth weight

N

218

35

91

4

88

Mean ± SD

3606±759

3232±937

3873±650

2975±763

3638±560

APGAR score ≤ 3

N

115

19

68

3

15

    1 min

N (%)

78 (61.4)

12 (46.2)

47 (68.1)

3 (66)

9 (59.3)

Complications that occurred during or in the first days after birth

N

522

78

284

17

146

    Asphyxia

N (%)

62 (11.9)

8 (10.3)

30 (10.6)

4 (23.5)

20 (13.7)

    Respiratory distress

N (%)

49 (9.4)

10 (12.8)

26 (9.2)

2 (11.8)

11 (7.5)

    Meconium aspiration

N (%)

48 (9.2)

3 (3.8)

35 (12.3)

0 (0.0)

10 (6.8)

    Meconium in amniotic fluid

N (%)

41 (7.9)

6 (7.7)

18 (6.3)

3 (17.6)

14 (9.6)

    Hypoglycaemia

N (%)

41 (7.9)

4 (5.1)

22 (7.7)

1 (5.9)

15 (10.3)

    Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

N (%)

35 (6.7)

8 (10.3)

21 (7.4)

1 (5.9)

5 (3.4)

    Cerebral seizures

N (%)

27 (5.2)

4 (5.1)

18 (6.3)

0 (0.0)

5 (3.4)

    Sepsis or infection

N (%)

22 (4.2)

0 (0.0)

11 (3.9)

0 (0.0)

11 (7.5)

    Hypoxaemia

N (%)

20 (3.8)

0 (0.0)

10 (3.5)

0 (0.0)

8 (5.5)

    Peripheral cyanosis

N (%)

20 (3.8)

5 (6.4)

7 (2.5)

0 (0.0)

8 (5.5)

    Tachypnea

N (%)

14 (2.7)

2 (2.6)

5 (1.8)

2 (11.8)

5 (3.4)

    Hypotension

N (%)

14 (2.7)

2 (2.6)

9 (3.2)

1 (5.9)

2 (1.7)

    Anaemia/thrombocytopenia

N (%)

14 (2.7)

2 (2.6)

5 (1.8)

0 (0.0)

8 (5.8)

    Acute renal failure

N (%)

10 (2.0)

2 (2.6)

7 (2.5)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.7)

    Foetal disstress

N (%)

10 (2.0)

3 (3.8)

7 (2.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

    Bradycardia

N (%)

10 (2.0)

1 (1.1)

6 (2.1)

0 (0.0)

3 (2.1)

    Dystocia

N (%)

5 (1.0)

3 (3.8)

0 (0.0)

1 (5.9)

1 (0.7)

    Further

N (%)

80 (15.3)

13 (16.7)

48 (16.9)

2 (11.8)

17 (11.6)

Treatment of birth complications

 Drugs

N (%)

78 (30.5)

14 (26.4)

37 (30.3)

3 (37.5)

24 (32.9)

 Intubation and ventilation

N (%)

75 (29.3)

15 (28.3)

34 (27.9)

2 (25.0)

24 (32.9)

 Therapeutic hypothermia treatment

N (%)

51 (19.9)

11 (20.8)

27 (22.1)

1 (12.5)

12 (16.4)

 Reanimation

N (%)

46 (18.0)

11 (20.8)

23 (18.9)

1 (12.5)

11 (15.1)

 Coma

N (%)

3 (1.2)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.8)

0 (0.0)

2 (2.7)

 Phototherapy

N (%)

2 (0.8)

2 (3.8)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Reduction of the intracranial pressure

N (%)

1 (0.4)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (12.5)

0 (0.0)