Molecular mechanisms of Shigella effector proteins: a common pathogen among diarrheic pediatric population

Nasser, Ahmad; Mosadegh, Mehrdad; Azimi, Taher; Shariati, Aref

doi:10.1186/s40348-022-00145-z

Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics

Table 1 Shigella effector proteins with their mechanisms, targets, and outcomes

From: Molecular mechanisms of Shigella effector proteins: a common pathogen among diarrheic pediatric population

Effector protein	Role	Target	Outcome
Pic	Serine protease	O-linked glycan	Impair PMN chemotaxis
IpaA	Filopodial formation	Vinculin and talin	Stimulate filopodial formation
IpaB	Formation of ion channel	Plasma membrane	Detection of host cell cholesterol
IpaB-IpaC	Pore formation	Lipid raft
IpaD	Assembly	IpaB-IpaC (bacteria)	Cholesterol sensor, activate T3SS
IpaD	Induce apoptosis	B cell	Connection to the TLR-2 and induce apoptosis
IcsA	Induce actin polymerization	Cdc-42	Moving through actin polymerization
IcsB	Inhibit autophagy	Toca-1	Blocking recruitment of LC3 to the bacterial surface
IpgB1	Guanine nucleotide exchange factor	Rac1	Mediate activation of ELMO and formation of ELMO-Dock180 complex
IpgB2	Guanine nucleotide exchange factor	Rho	Conformations change in Rho, mimicking Dbl family
IpgD	Phosphoinositide phosphatase activity	PIP2	Produce PIP5, mediating more bacterial invasion
SpeG	Spermidine acetyltransferase	spermidine	Protects Shigella from ROS
IpaH 9.8	Ubiquitin E3 ligase	NEMO	Proteasomal degradation of NEMO and NF-κB activation
IpaH7.8	E3 ligase	GLMN	Activated inflammasome
IpaH4.5	Ubiquitin ligase	TBK1	Activated INF regulatory factor 3
IpaH1.4	E3 ligase	LUBAC	Catalize functional subunit of LUBAC
IpaJ	Cysteine protease	ARF1	Cleavage of myristoyl group from GTP-active protein
OspB	Remodeling of chromatin	P38-ERK1/2	Diminish inflammatory cytokine production
OspC1	Mediate activation of kinase	MEK/ERK	Imbalance membrane stability
OspC3	Mediate inhibit activation of caspase	Caspase-4	Inhibit epithelial cell death
OspF	Phosphatase activity	MAPK	Suppress gene expression
OspG	Kinase	IϏB	Inhibit activation of NF-κB
OspI	Glutamine deaminase	UBC13	Reduce inflammatory response by suppressing signaling through UBC13-TRAF6
OspZ	Methyltransferase activity	TAB-3	Inhibit signaling through TLR, IL-1

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