Table 1 Selected molecular mediators involved in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Adapted from [21]
From: Patho-mechanisms of the origins of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Molecular mediator | Levels associated with increased risk of BPD |
|---|---|
 IL-6: interleukin-6 | Higher |
 MCP-1: monocyte chemotactic protein-1 | Higher |
 GCSF: granulocyte colony stimulating factor | Lower |
 IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta | Higher |
 IL-8: interleukin 8 | Higher |
 TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha | Higher |
 IFNγ: interferon gamma | Higher |
Growth factors | |
 TGF β: transforming growth factor β [22] | Higher |
 CTGF: connective tissue growth factor [23] | Higher |
 PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor BB [24] | Higher |
 KGF: keratinocyte growth factor [25] | Lower |
 HGF: hepatocyte growth factor [26] | Lower |
 FGF: fibroblast growth factor [27] | Lower |
Vascular mediators | |
 VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor [28] | Variable |
 Ang 2: angiopoetin 2 [29] | Higher |