Table 1 Demographic and physiologic characteristics of study subjects. Normally distributed variables are shown by mean (SD) and groups compared by two-tail t-test. ^aNon-normally distributed data are shown by median [IQR] and groups compared by Mann-Whitney U test. Bold font indicates p<0.0001. Min, minimum value; Max, maximum value; BMI-SDS, BMI standard deviation score; SP, systolic pressure; DP, diastolic pressure; ADIPOQ, adiponectin; TAG, triacylglycerides; LDL-Cho, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-Cho, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; n.a., not applicable

Sex (F/M)

7/8

.

28/23

n.a.

Age (years)

8.4±0.8

(7.3, 10.1)

9.0±1.1

(7.0, 11.0)

0.048

Weight (kg)

26.8±2.8

(22.8, 34.8)

53.5±12.6

(32.2, 96.3)

< 0.001

BMI-SDS

− 0.01±0.89

(− 1.71, 1.3)

3.41±0.76

(2.04, 5.76)

< 0.001

Waist Circ. (cm)

56±3

(50, 60)

83±9

(65, 104)

< 0.001

SP (mmHg)

104±7

(94, 116)

113±9

(92, 143)

0.001

DP (mmHg)

64±6

(52, 73)

70±7

(54, 83)

0.003

SHBG (nmol/L) ^a

172±24

(115, 218)

67±68

(12, 195)

< 0.001

TNFα-R1 (pg/mL)

854±230

(578, 1435)

1084±205

(638, 1573)

0.001

CRP (mg/L) ^a

0.6±2.1

(0.2, 27.4)

3.0±3.2

(0.5, 52.2)

0.005

ADIPOQ (pg/mL) ^a

12380±4739

(6431, 20138)

7057±3778

(1214, 17748)

< 0.001

Glycemia (mg/dL)

86±6

(77, 94)

85±8

(70, 113)

0.765

Insulin (mU/L)

3.2±1.6

(0.5, 5.7)

13.6±6.6

(2.1, 33.3)

<0.001

HbA1c (%)

5.3±0.2

(5, 5.7)

5.3±0.2

(4.9, 5.8)

0.894

Cholesterol (mg/dL)

160±21

(132, 200)

165±24

(115, 214)

0.554

TAG (mg/dL) ^a

42±17

(29, 70)

70±41

(39, 183)

<0.001

LDL-Cho (mg/dL)

89±19

(67, 132)

104±23

(63, 150)

0.036

HDL-Cho (mg/dL)

62±11

(44, 82)

44±10

(29, 82)

<0.001

IGI ^a

1.27±1.00

(− 0.01, 5.69)

n.a.

WBISI ^a

3.06±2.93

(1.23, 11.74)

n.a.

HOMA-IR

0.70±0.35

(0.10, 1.25)

2.87±1.47

(0.44, 6.66)

<0.001