Infant formula with cow’s milk fat and prebiotics affects intestinal flora, but not the incidence of infections during infancy in a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics

Table 4 Infectiology—table of medians

Number of events: median (interquartile range Q1–Q3)	hbPA+ group, n = 31	Control group, n = 27	BF group, n = 18	p value*
GI at 12 weeks	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)	0 (0–0)	0.46
RTI at 12 weeks	0 (0–1)	1 (0–2)	0 (0–0.75)	0.18
TI at 12 weeks	0 (0–2)	1 (0–2.5)	0 (0–1)	0.14
	hbPA+ group, n = 22	Control group, n = 19	BF group, n = 18
GI at 1 year	0 (0–1)	0 (0–1)	0 (0–0)	0.75
RTI at 1 year	3 (1.25–4)	2 (1–5)	2 (1–3)	0.65
TI at 1 year	3 (1.25–4)	2 (1–5.5)	2 (1–3.75)	0.63

*No statistically significant difference in the number of infections (medians) among feeding groups was found (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA with correction for ties)
GI gastrointestinal infections, RTI respiratory tract infection, TI total (respiratory and gastrointestinal) infection, hbPA+ group group receiving formula with high beta-PA concentration and GOS supplement, control group standard formula group, BF group breast-fed group