Vitamin D supplementation after the second year of life: joint position of the Committee on Nutrition, German Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ e.V.), and the German Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (DGKED e.V.)

Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics

Table 3 Pediatric and adolescent diseases that were postulated to be associated with vitamin D serum concentrations due to their associations in observational studies

	References	Effect of vitamin D supplementation from RCTs
Diseases of the upper airway	[10, 14, 37,38,39,40, 51]	+ and −
Asthma bronchiale	[36, 52, 53]	+ and −
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder	[54,55,56]	−
Type I diabetes mellitus	[10, 14, 32,33,34,35]	No RCT performed
Type II diabetes mellitus	[10, 14, 44,45,46,47,48,49,50]	+ and −
High blood pressure	[10, 14, 41, 43]	−
Cardiac insufficiency	[10, 14]	−
Obesity	[10, 11, 14, 57,58,59]	No RCT performed
Multiple sclerosis	[60,61,62,63]	+ and −*

RCT randomized controlled trials, + RCT showed a positive effect from vitamin D supplementation on the studied parameter, − RCT showed no effect from vitamin D supplementation on the studied parameter
*Vitamin D had no effect on the frequency of multiple sclerosis relapses but a positive effect on the number of sclera on MRI