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Fig. 1 | Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics

Fig. 1

From: The role of S100 proteins in the pathogenesis and monitoring of autoinflammatory diseases

Fig. 1

DAMP functions of calgranulins. Calgranulins can be released by circulating neutrophils (S100A8/A9 and S100A12) or monocytes (S100A8/A9) upon cellular necrosis or active, non-classical transport. Once, extracellular calgranulins can trigger proinflammatory activation of human monocytes in a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent manner. Via sensors such as the multi-ligand receptor for advanced glycation end products or TLR4, S100A8/A9 and A12 can further induce proinflammatory activation of vascular endothelium, which facilitates leukocyte rolling and subsequent extravasation, and thus promotes tissue inflammation

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