Fig. 1

Overview of WNT/β-catenin signaling. Without WNT signaling (“WNT OFF”), “destruction complex phosphorylates cytosolic β-catenin and phosphorylated β-catenin is recognized and degraded by the proteasomes. With WNT signaling (“WNT ON”), the function of “destruction complex” is inhibited to phosphorylate cytosolic β-catenin. Then unphosphorylated β-catenin accumulates in the cytosol, translocates into the nucleus, and activates the WNT target gene expression, such as the T-cell factor and lymphoid enhancer factor-1 (TCF/LEF1) family of transcription factors