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Table 1 Current and emerging treatment options for dystonia [16, 17]

From: Post stroke hemi-dystonia in children: a neglected area of research

Oral

- Anticholinergics (e.g., trihexyphenidyl)

- Tetrabenazine

- l-dopa/carbidopa

- Baclofen

- Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam, clonazepam)

- Muscle relaxants (e.g., clonidin)

- others (e.g., amitriptyline, gabapentin)

Intramuscular

- Botulinum toxin

Intrathecal

- Baclofen

Behavioral

- Biofeedback

- Constraint induced therapy

(Noninvasive) neuromodulation

- Transcranial magnetic stimulation

(Invasive) neuromodulation

- Deep brain stimulation