Table 1 Selection of animal models mimicking BPD

Alvira et al. [27]

Mouse (PN 5, 16 weeks)

Intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

Persistent NF-kB activation in the fetal lung leads to reduced inflammation and apoptosis 24 h after LPS exposure in contrast to adult animals

Asikainen et al. [23]

Baboons (E 125)

MV at room air or with oxygen supplementation as calculated by oxygenation index

Enhancement of angiogenesis by activation of HIF improves lung growth and function

Blackwell et al. [14]

Mouse (E 15)

LPS in isolated macrophages

Macrophage depletion or targeted inactivation of the NF-κB signaling pathway protects airway branching from adverse LPS effects

Bland et al. [15]

Mouse (PN 5 to 7)

MV at room air or with 40% oxygen

MV results in increased elastase activity, reduced abundance of proteins regulating elastic fiber assembly and scattered deposition of elastic fibres in the lung

Compernolle et al. [24]

Mouse (E 18.5)

Transgenic mouse model (knock out of HIF 2α)

Intrauterine delivery or postnatal intratracheal instillation of VEGF stimulates surfactant synthesis and reduces respiratory distress

Iosef et al. [16]

Mouse (PN 6)

Intraperitoneal injection of blocker of NF-κB (BAY 11-7082)

NF-κB promotes physiological angiogenesis and alveolarization in the developing lung

Wallace et al. [12]

Lambs (E 125 and 132)

MV at room air

Increase in pulmonary pro-inflammatory cytokines transcription