Fig. 1
From: The role of regulatory B cells in immune regulation and childhood allergic asthma
Breg suppressor molecules and their effect on other immune cells. Bregs mainly secrete the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β that in turn have a suppressive function on TH1 and TH17 cells. In addition, the conversion of CD4+ T cells into Tregs is induced. The transmembrane protein PD-L1 regulates cell expansion and differentiation of TFH cells. Also, other surface-bound molecules such as MHC-II, CD19, CD73, CD39, FasL, and TIM1 as well as AhR and GrB are described to play a role in Breg-mediated immunosuppressive effects. IL, interleukin; TGF-β, transforming growth factor β; TH, T helper cell; Treg, regulatory T cell; PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand 1; TFH, follicular helper T cells, MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex II; FasL, Fas ligand; TIM1, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1; AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor; GrB, granzyme B